D1

In this post, I will explore different narrative theories and the impact that they have had on the genre of my music video.

The genre of my music video is R&B/Soul pop as Beyonce is an R&B artist. A typical The music video is performative with different people dancing on a stage. The lighting was 2 point lighting, with a coloured LED light as the fill light and a solid white light as the key light. On the coloured light we manipulated it using an app that allows us to choose specific settings. We used the colours of the pride flag because Beyoncé is knows for being an icon within a gay community. The red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple colour of the colours are traditional and recognisable within an LGBT community. Through the repeated use of these colours, we were able to reinforce the theme of being unique, similarly to the message of the song, with the repeated use of the lyric 'UNIQUE'. 

There are 2 major things I considered when choosing what camera to shoot on to create my music video:

• Colour Accuracy: Cameras with better quality sensors and image/video processing capabilities can produce colours more accurately. The representation of colours in a video can influence the emotional response and perception of the viewer. Accurate colours can contribute to a more authentic and representation of the subject, which enhances the intended meaning.

• Low-Light Performance: The ability of a camera to perform well in low-light conditions can greatly impact the mood and atmosphere of the captured content. Higher-quality cameras often have larger image sensors, better noise reduction, and improved low-light capabilities. This allows for capturing videos with less noise and grain, more detail, and better exposure in certain lighting situations, which can significantly affect the meaning of the content.

The type of camera used allowed us to capture high quality, clear footage in low light due to its sensor being more advanced than a lot of other cameras. A lot of cameras result in grainy footage when shooting in low light. Also it was important that the colour accuracy of the camera was great because of the use of many bright LED colours. 

Tzvetan Todorov's narrative structure, features an equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition, resolution/new equilibrium, and can be applied to music videos to analyse their storytelling. Although music videos are mostly visually aesthetics, they often incorporate narrative elements to enhance the viewer's engagement. Here's how Todorov's narrative structure can be observed in music videos:

- Equilibrium: The music video begins in a state of equilibrium, where the initial situation is established, such as character or atmosphere to set a mood. The equilibrium phase in a music video can be relatively short compared to other narrative forms, as the primary focus is often on the lyrics themselves.

- Disequilibrium: In the disequilibrium phase, a disruption or conflict arises that upsets the initial balance. This can involve a shift in the narrative or a change in the visual style. The disequilibrium in a music video may feature a turning point where the mood changes to reflect the conflict or tension within the song's lyrics or theme.

- Recognition: After the disruption, there is a period of recognition and reaction, where the characters or elements in the music video respond to the conflict or tension introduced. This can involve emotional reactions, actions, or transformations that convey the impact of the conflict on the narrative.

- Resolution: The resolution aims to restore a sense of equilibrium or closure to the music video. It can involve the resolution of the conflict or a transformation that results in a new equilibrium. The resolution phase in a music video often aligns with the conclusion of the song, providing a sense of fulfilment.

Music videos don't always follow strictly to Todorov's narrative structure as they typically prioritise artistic expression and visual aesthetics over a linear narrative. 

My music videos does not follow Todorovs narrative structure as there is no clear equilibrium, disequilibrium or restoration. My music video focusses mainly on the performative aspects with hidden messages and meanings through the use of lyric analysis. My music video is a non-linear narrative, which is where the story does not follow any specific chronology and forces the viewer to piece together the narrative. 

Also, another key theory is the generic pleasures theory by Rick Altman. Rick Altman's generic pleasures theory suggests that audiences derive pleasure from videos based on their familiarity and expectations of genres. While Altman's theory is mainly focused on film genres, some aspects of it can be applied to music videos as well. Here's how Altman's generic pleasures theory can be applied to music videos

- Genre Conventions: 

Music videos often draw on genre conventions, incorporating visual and narrative elements associated with specific musical genres. For example, a hip-hop music video may feature urban settings and street fashion, adhering to the conventions of the genre, whereas an R&B song may feature more glamours costumes such as expensive coats, dresses or glasses. By employing these genre-specific elements, music videos play into the audience's familiarity with and expectations of a particular genre, providing a sense of comfort and pleasure derived from the recognition of specific features

- Visual Style and Aesthetics: 

Different music genres often exhibit distinct visual styles and aesthetics, which can be considered as genre-specific pleasures. For instance, a rock music video might employ dark flashing visuals, intense lighting, and fast-paced editing to convey the energy and rebelliousness associated with the genre. By following these genre-specific visual styles and conventions, music videos cater to the expectations and preferences of the audience

- Narrative Structures: 

Although most music videos may not always have elaborate narrative structures, they can still incorporate generic pleasures related to significant themes/narratives. Certain genres of music videos, such as narrative-driven storytelling videos or concept videos, may draw on established narrative conventions to engage the audience. This can include elements like character, plot twists, or dramatic resolutions, which align with the audience's familiarity and enjoyment of those narrative structures within the specific genre.

- Performance: 

Music videos often show performances by artists, emphasising their talents. This aspect aligns with the generic pleasure of spectacle, where audiences derive enjoyment from viewing impressive and captivating performances. When combined with choreography and visual effects, music videos creates a thrilling viewing experience that appeals to the audience's desire entertainment.

While Altman's generic pleasures theory was developed for film genres, it can be used to understand how music videos utilise genre conventions, visual aesthetics, narrative structures, and performances to cater to audience expectations and provide entertaining experiences. Music videos use these elements to engage viewers, evoke emotions, and enhance the overall enjoyment of the music and visual content.

My music video has many generic pleasures such as the use of colour and rainbow to signify an LGBT community. The use of rainbows and colour in a music video within the LGBT community can serve multiple purposes, creating meaning and pleasure for the audience. Here are some of the ways i have used rainbow and colour as a hidden meaning:

- Symbolism and representation: Rainbows are widely recognised as a symbol of the LGBT community as they represent diversity, inclusivity, and pride. By incorporating rainbows into a music video, it can serve as a powerful symbol of solidarity and identity. This symbolism can evoke a sense of empowerment and celebration among viewers within the LGBT community, adapting a positive emotional connection and pleasure derived from the visual representation of their experiences.

- Visual Aesthetics: The use of vibrant colours and visually appealing aesthetics in a music video can create a visually stimulating experience. Bright, bold, and varied colours can connote joy, excitement, and a sense of visual pleasure. By incorporating a range of colours, including the colours associated with the pride flag, the music video can create a visually captivating atmosphere and enjoyment.

- Narrative Themes: The use of colours and rainbows can be integrated into the narrative themes of the music video. It can symbolise self-discovery, acceptance, or the journey of embracing a persons real identity and authentic feelings within of the LGBT community. The progression of colours or the appearance of rainbows throughout the video can represent personal growth, overcoming challenges, or finding love. This narrative enhances the meaning of the music video and creates a sense of pleasure through storytelling and emotional resonance.

- Representation: Including rainbows and vibrant colours in a music video within the LGBT community can be a deliberate choice to represent and celebrate diverse identities and experiences. It can serve as a safe platform and a platform for visibility, allowing individuals within the community to see themselves in the music video. This representation contributes to a sense of empowerment, and pleasure by seeing one's own experiences acknowledged and celebrated.

- Community: Music videos within the LGBT community often aim to create a sense of community and solidarity. The use of rainbows and colours can act as a unifying element, emphasising shared experiences and values. The sense of connection and pleasure derived from the celebration of diversity.

By incorporating rainbows and vibrant colours, a music video within the LGBT community can create meaning, pleasure, and a sense of belonging among viewers. The visual symbolism, aesthetic appeal, narrative integration and representation contribute to a visually and emotionally engaging experience that resonates with the audience and celebrates their identities and experiences

Mise-en-scene:

Mise-en-scene refers to visual elements within a scene in filmmaking. It involves various aspects of set, costumes, lighting, and the positioning and movement of actors. 

Cinematography, on the other hand, focuses on the art and technique of capturing and recording images on digital cameras. While both are very distinct, they work together to create the overall visual composition and storytelling in a music video. Here are some aspects of mise-en-scene and how they tie into cinematography:

- Set Design and Props: 

The set design, including the choice of locations, sets, and props, establishes the visual environment and context of a scene. It sets the tone, atmosphere, and mood of the narrative. The camera angles, framing, and movements employed by the director highlight the visual details, emphasise certain props, and add to the overall narrative.

- Costumes and Makeup: 

The costumes and makeup worn by the actors help define their characters, convey their personalities, and reflect the time period or setting of the film. The lighting and camera angles chosen can highlight the textures, colours, and details of the costumes, adding to the visual composition.

- Lighting: 

Lighting is a crucial element of both mise-en-scène and cinematography. It sets the mood and creates a specific atmosphere within a scene. The cinematographer works closely with the gaffer (head of lighting) and lighting team to determine the lighting setup, including the placement of lights, intensity, and colour temperature. By manipulating light and shadow, the cinematographer enhance the visual composition, highlights important elements, and creates depth and dimension within the frame. The lighting in an R&B music video can vary depending on specific styles of the artist and directors however there are a few techniques that are often used by most R&B

Soft lighting:

- R&B videos often use soft, diffused lighting is achieved by using large light sources such as soft boxes or diffusers to create soft shadows and a gentle illumination on the subjects.

Spotlighting:

- Spotlights are often used in R&B to draw attention to the artist or subject. Spolithgts can create a dramatic effect and add depth to the scene by separating the subject from the background and creates a contrast between light and shadow

Coloured lighting:

- R&B videos often incorporate neon or vibrant lights to creates energetic shots, which is achieved using LED lights that project colourful patterns to add visual interest and enhance the overall mood.

-Blocking and Actor Movement: 

The positioning and movement of actors within a scene, also known as blocking, are key components of mise-en-scène. The cinematographer works closely with the director and actors to determine the most effective camera angles, framing, and camera movements to capture the performances and convey the desired emotions or narrative beats. The cinematographer's choices can emphasize relationships between characters, reveal subtext, and enhance the overall visual storytelling.

- Composition and Framing: 

Composition refers to the arrangement and placement of elements within the frame. The cinematographer selects the camera angles, framing, and aspect ratios to create visually appealing and meaningful compositions. The use of different compositional techniques, such as rule of thirds, leading lines, or symmetry, helps guide the viewer's attention and convey specific messages. The composition ties into the overall mise-en-scène by incorporating the set, props, actors, and other visual elements within the frame to create a cohesive and purposeful visual presentation.

Proxemics and performance play significant roles in shaping the meaning of an R&B music video by influencing the spatial relationships and overall visual presentation. Here's how these elements impact the meaning of an R&B music video:

Proxemics: 

Proxemics refers to the space and how individuals interact within specific spatial areas. In an R&B music video, proxemics can contribute to the narrative and emotional tone. These range from a variety of things such as:

- Intimate Proxemics: Close physical proximity between performers in a music video can convey a sense of emotional connection, romantic involvement, or intense intimacy. This physical closeness can evoke feelings of passion, desire, or vulnerability, amplifying the emotional resonance of the song and enhancing its meaning.

- Spatial Distances: Varying spatial distances between performers or between the performers and the audience can communicate different dynamics and power dynamics. Closer proximity can suggest familiarity and a sense of equality, while increased distance can create a sense of detachment, tension, or hierarchy.

- Group: The arrangement and interactions of performers within a group setting can convey a sense of unity, collaboration, or competition. The spatial relationships and movements of group members can highlight their individual roles, harmonious collaboration, or conflict, influencing the meaning of the music video.


Performance: 

Performance plays major role in R&B music videos, and the way artists present themselves can shape the meaning and impact of the visual content. Here are some ways performance influences the meaning:

- Expressive Gestures and Body Language: R&B music often emphasizes emotional expression, and performers' gestures, facial expressions, and body language contribute to conveying the intended emotions and enhancing the lyrical message. The intensity and authenticity of the performers' movements can resonate with viewers, amplifying the emotional impact and meaning of the video. In my own music video, I relied heavily on movements and gestures to enhance the meanings of the lyrics to amplify the connotations of pride.

- Vocal Delivery: R&B music is known for its soulful vocals, and the delivery of the lyrics by the performers can significantly influence the interpretation of the song's meaning. The artists' vocal expressions and vocal range can evoke specific emotions, intensify the lyrical content, and create a deeper connection with the audience. In my music video it is purely lip syncing therefore the vocal delivery is fully dependant in the choice of song.

Style is another key feature of R&B music as R&B music videos often incorporate fashion, personal style, and visual aesthetics to express individual and cultural identity. The performers' fashion choices, hairstyles, and overall visual presentation can contribute to the meaning of the video by representing specific artistic personas, cultural influences, or conveying messages related to identity, empowerment, or social commentary.

Performance Energy: The energy displayed by the performers can shape the overall atmosphere and engagement of the music video. High-energy performances can create excitement, captivate the audience's attention, and enhance the enjoyment and meaning of the song by conveying passion, joy, or empowerment.

By considering proxemics and performance within an R&B music video, the spatial relationships, interactions, and artistic expressions can significantly contribute to the narrative, emotional impact, and overall meaning conveyed to the audience. These elements work together to enhance the viewer's engagement and create a visually compelling and emotionally resonant experience.